If you search online you will find a host of online soap calculators. But to me as a beginner, they all seemed very complicated. So much so that after learning this process, I went ahead and built a much simpler soap calculator for savvy homemade along with a comprehensive formulation guide.
You can use either grams or ounces, I use grams for soapmaking as its more accurate, check out more info on measuring here. First calculate the lye for each oil independently, then add them all together to get an overall weight of lye required to saponify the oils.
Detergent Soap Making Formula Pdf
I soak my leftover lye soap pieces in vinegar then boil it down to make my laundry soap. I have to add other stuff but I use 15 ozs. Of soap pieces as 1 part to make 5 gallons on cheap laundry detergent.
Soap, by definition, is fat or oil mixed with an alkali. The oil comes from an animal or plant, while the alkali is a chemical called lye. In bar soap-making, the lye is sodium hydroxide. Liquid soap requires potassium hydroxide.
In a domestic setting, "soap" usually refers to what is technically called a toilet soap, used for household and personal cleaning. When used for cleaning, soap solubilizes particles and grime, which can then be separated from the article being cleaned.The insoluble oil/fat molecules become associated inside micelles, tiny spheres formed from soap molecules with polar hydrophilic (water-attracting) groups on the outside and encasing a lipophilic (fat-attracting) pocket, which shields the oil/fat molecules from the water making it soluble. Anything that is soluble will be washed away with the water.
For making toilet soaps, triglycerides (oils and fats) are derived from coconut, olive, or palm oils, as well as tallow.[11] Triglyceride is the chemical name for the triesters of fatty acids and glycerin. Tallow, i.e., rendered fat, is the most available triglyceride from animals. Each species offers quite different fatty acid content, resulting in soaps of distinct feel. The seed oils give softer but milder soaps. Soap made from pure olive oil, sometimes called Castile soap or Marseille soap, is reputed for its particular mildness. The term "Castile" is also sometimes applied to soaps from a mixture of oils, but a high percentage of olive oil.
It is uncertain as to who were the first to invent soap.[12] The earliest recorded evidence of the production of soap-like materials dates back to around 2800 BC in ancient Babylon.[13] A formula for making soap was written on a Sumerian clay tablet around 2500 BC; the soap was produced by heating a mixture of oil and wood ash, the earliest recorded chemical reaction, and used for washing woolen clothing.[14]
The 2nd-century AD physician Galen describes soap-making using lye and prescribes washing to carry away impurities from the body and clothes. The use of soap for personal cleanliness became increasingly common in this period. According to Galen, the best soaps were Germanic, and soaps from Gaul were second best. Zosimos of Panopolis, circa 300 AD, describes soap and soapmaking.[26]
A detergent similar to soap was manufactured in ancient China from the seeds of Gleditsia sinensis.[27] Another traditional detergent is a mixture of pig pancreas and plant ash called zhuyizi (simplified Chinese: 猪胰子; traditional Chinese: 豬胰子; pinyin: zhūyízǐ). True soap, made of animal fat, did not appear in China until the modern era.[28] Soap-like detergents were not as popular as ointments and creams.[27]
Soapmakers in Naples were members of a guild in the late sixth century (then under the control of the Eastern Roman Empire),[33] and in the eighth century, soap-making was well known in Italy and Spain.[34] The Carolingian capitulary De Villis, dating to around 800, representing the royal will of Charlemagne, mentions soap as being one of the products the stewards of royal estates are to tally. The lands of Medieval Spain were a leading soapmaker by 800, and soapmaking began in the Kingdom of England about 1200.[35] Soapmaking is mentioned both as "women's work" and as the produce of "good workmen" alongside other necessities, such as the produce of carpenters, blacksmiths, and bakers.[36]
In Europe, soap in the 9th century was produced from animal fats and had an unpleasant smell. This changed when olive oil began to be used in soap formulas instead, after which much of Europe's soap production moved to the Mediterranean olive-growing regions.[37] Hard toilet soap was introduced to Europe by Arabs and gradually spread as a luxury item. It was often perfumed.[29][37] By the 15th century, the manufacture of soap in the Christendom had become virtually industrialized, with sources in Antwerp, Castile, Marseille, Naples and Venice.[34]
Until the Industrial Revolution, soapmaking was conducted on a small scale and the product was rough. In 1780, James Keir established a chemical works at Tipton, for the manufacture of alkali from the sulfates of potash and soda, to which he afterwards added a soap manufactory. The method of extraction proceeded on a discovery of Keir's. In 1790, Nicolas Leblanc discovered how to make alkali from common salt.[22] Andrew Pears started making a high-quality, transparent soap, Pears soap, in 1807 in London.[44] His son-in-law, Thomas J. Barratt, became the brand manager (the first of its kind) for Pears in 1865.[45] In 1882, Barratt recruited English actress and socialite Lillie Langtry to become the poster-girl for Pears soap, making her the first celebrity to endorse a commercial product.[46][47]
In the early 1900s, other companies began to develop their own liquid soaps. Such products as Pine-Sol and Tide appeared on the market, making the process of cleaning things other than skin, such as clothing, floors, and bathrooms, much easier.
The Indian detergent industry is about three decades old. An interesting and unique feature of detergent industry in India is the existence of non power operated units which do not use any electrical power for the production of detergent powder. But the production technology of detergents have been changed involving high technique in process control, more skilled personnel and requiring large input. There are various forms of detergents; liquid detergents, paste detergents, solid detergents etc. Whether in liquid or in powdered forms, present detergent products are complex mixtures of several ingredients including performance additives such as bleaches, bleach activators etc. The scope and spectrum of methods and techniques applied in detergent analysis have changed significantly during the last decade.. The book outlines features and experimental parameters for many essential procedures, and emphasizes the latest techniques and methods. This book emphasizes practical aspects of detergent production with latest development and other special products based on synthetic surfactants. This book basically deals with the builders, additives and components of detergents, recent developments in surfactant, manufacture of active Ingredients for detergents, manufacture of finished detergents, application and formulation of detergents, packaging of detergents, analysis of detergents, machinery photographs with their suppliers, directory of raw material suppliers etc.. This is an attempt to fill the need of those desirous of starting detergent industry in small scale sector and necessarily contains analytical methods for testing and evaluation of raw as well as final products.
Phosphates: Phosphate additives serve different purposes depending on the type of phosphate used and which product it is added to. Some function as a cleaning solution for mildew, whereas others are used to give aluminum metals their shiny look. Other forms of phosphates are added to food as preservatives or to improve the taste or texture. Dawn does not include any phosphates as an ingredient in any of our dish soap products. Every ingredient that goes into a bottle of Dawn dish soap has a job to do, and we strive to include only those ingredients that are both effective and safe to use in our formulas.
Phthalates: A group of chemicals that can found in most plastic products such as toys, packaging, and even flooring. Though personal care items such as nail polish, perfumes, and lotions may contain phthalates, and it can also be found in some detergents, Dawn dish soap does not use it as an ingredient. Its primary use is to make plastic more flexible.
Triclosan: A common ingredient in most products regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The ingredient was primarily used to prevent the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial and antifungal agent was used across a number of products including detergents, toothpaste, and even toys. However, it has since been banned by the FDA under certain conditions and uses. Dawn does not add Triclosan to any of our dish soap formulas. As part of our promise and commitment to safety, Dawn only adds ingredients that we believe are tough on kitchen messes but gentle on dishware. 2ff7e9595c
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